Among all the assessments, the most difficult assessment according to me assessment 3 is the most difficult assessment i completed. Maintaining a weblog and posting a blog every week is more difficult, it takes more time and efforts to complete this assessment than the other two assessments. Though the overall mark for assessment 3 is 10%, it is a difficult job to particularly remaindful in posting the blog week after week. Although i feel it difficult, i should tell the benefits of this assessment and how it is helped to complete the other to assessments. The current weekly questions are related to the topics in assessment 1 and assessment 2 and it is very much helped in completing the other two assessments. The improvement i suggest is, it is good to have the questions relating to Object-oriented approach. So that it is helpful research in Academic essay of assignment 2.

Q:3 Name three (3) things you learnt this term in COIS20025.

                Traditional approach to System development: It consists of series of phases known as System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). They are System planning, System analysing, System design, System implementation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                Fact-Finding Techniques: It consists Interviews, Document review, Observations, Questionnaires and surveys, sampling, research is useful to collect the information.

                Enterprise Modelling tools: The most popular tools are Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) which shows the logical relationships in the system entities and Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) which converts input data into useful information.

                   Adaptive maintainance is almost similar to Corrective maintainance. This maintainance is used for adding the improvements to the Child Health Infomation System and makes the system easier to use.

                   The perfective maintainance involves in changing the operation of the Child Health Information  system to make the system well-organised. Depnding on the requests of Corrective and Adaptive maintainance, This perfective maintainance might be needed to restore the performance of the CHIS accoridng to the user activity. The IT Department usually handle this Perfective maintainance.

                   To avoid the problems in CHIS, Preventive maintainance is used. This maintainance analysis the areas of Child Health Information System, where trouble is likely to occur. This Preventive maintainance is maintained by the IT Department. This maintainance results the more user satisfaction.    

                                   In this approach, child information can be stored and updated. This method is less expensive because it changes immediately from old system to new system. But the user will face problems in using the new system. Because they will not have a clear idea in using the system with the sudden  implementation of the new system. They cannot compare the current system with the old system. So that they cannot conclude, whether the new system is working properly than the old system.

Parallel operation:

                           In this method, both the old and new system work for a specified period. So that there is a possibility of comparing both the systems and user can easily have an idea of new system and how to use the new system. Health centres can have a old system as a backup, if the new system does not work properly. Health centres can use the old system until the appropriate changes are made. The main disadvantages of this approach is, it is a costly change over method. It should maintain both  the systems and users should work on both systems and health centres should employ extra users to handle the extra work load.

Pilot operation:

                       In this approach, new system is used in only one health centre. After getting successful, new system is implemented to rest of the health centres usually using direct cutover method. This approach is a combination of direct cutover and parallel operations. It is a less expensive method compared to parallel approach. However, this method provides the entire new system to only some users.

Phase operation:

                         In this approach, new system is implemented in stages. Analysts sometimes confuse in using pilot and phase Operations. Both direct cutover and parallel operations are combined to reduce the risks and costs. One advantage of this approach is risk of errors and failures is limited. The disadvantage is the users might be confused in implementing the stages of the new system.

Author: Shelly, G, Chasman, T & Rosenblatt

   In this book, Shelly explains the structured analysis in all stages which helps to explain the structured analysis in all stages which helps to explain about the traditional approach to system development in detail and to describe it in the essay. Though, it helps me to get a clear idea of traditional approach. Object-Oriented approach to system development is discussed briefly, which helps me to get only a brief idea about Object-Oriented approach. However, to compare and contrast these approaches, understanding of both the approaches is required.

               By using data and processes, both structured analysis and object-oriented analysis supports the bussiness operation which results the output.

2. Name one way that the traditional and object-oriented approaches to information systems development are different. Explain how they are different.

               Structured analysis uses a set of process models, where as
Object-Oriented analysis uses object models. Process models identifies the data flowing into a process, the Business rules that transform the data and the resulting output data flow. Object models represent data and behavior and shows how objects affect other objects.
                      Structured analysis treats processes and data as separate
Components. But, Object-Oriented analysis combines data and the processes that act on the data into things called Objects.    

Process name:                  Order DVD for rent.

Process number:              1

Purpose:                            Tells the information that which DVD the customer wants to rent.

Input data flows:              Rental request.

Output data flows:          Customer information, DVD details.

Process description:       It gives the customer information, DVD details that the customer wants.

Notes:                             From process 1, system recognizes the customer information and DVD details.

  Data dictionary entry for process 2:

Process name:                  Check DVD availability.

Process number:              2.

Purpose:                              Checks whether the DVD is available or not.

Input data flows:              Available DVD’s information.

Output data flows:          Reject notice, issuing details.

Process description:       It describes whether the DVD is issued to the customer or not.

Notes:                             This gives the reject notice or issuing details.

  Data dictionary entry for process 3:

Process name:                  DVD price details.

Process number:              3.

Purpose:                           Gives the price details of rented DVD.

Input data flows:              Issuing details, payments.

Output data flows:          Invoice, receipt and rented DVD’s, reports.

Process description:       This gives the billing details and sends the receipt to customer.

Notes:                              From this, system gives the final reports of the DVD’s.

 Data dictionary entry for process 4:

Process name:                  Manager.

Process number:              4

Purpose:                              Maintains the total reports.

Input data flows:              Reports.

Process description:       manages the total records.

Notes:                                  In future, it will be useful for decision making.

  Document Review:

               Document Review is very much useful in traditional approach,it tells how the system works. In this approach,this technique used to gain copies and operating documents of forms currently in use. It also review blank copies and samples of completed forms.

Observation:

          This Technique does not satisfy traditional approach because this approach is time-tested and understands easily,while observation is for better understanding and helps to establish good working relationship and also we might participate in work ourself to gain a personal understanding of the system. But,traditional approach uses a set of processes to describe a system graphically and includes data organisation and structure,relational data base design. 

Questionnaires and Surveys:

             This Technique is also not satisfies this approach,when designing this technique,the most important rule is that whether the question collects the right data in a form that use the system to move further. But this approach is to plan,design and implement the information system; which is totally different.

Sampling:

       This type of technique is used in traditional approach in some aspects. For planning,analyzing,designing,implementing this technique is useful to gather actual documents. This process is known as Sampling which includes records,reports,data,entry documents and various types of forms.

Research:

      In traditional approach,Research is used to plan,analyze,design to describe system graphically by internet,IT magazines,books to gain background information which comes under Research.

2.How the following Fact-Finding Techniques used to find object-oriented approach to Systems Development?

            These Fact-Finding Techniques will not at all used in Object-Oriented approach. The combining of data and the processes that act on data into things by Object-Oriented analysis is called Objects. This approach is use to model bussiness process and operations. The result is a set of software objects that coordinate people, things, and events. Using this approach a programmer creates the objects in the form of codes.

           An Object is a collection of similar objects which is a member of class. The characterstics possesed by objects is called Properties,which object recieves from class on its own. These O-O analysis uses object models to show object affects other object. In overall this approach is efficient and easy transition to Object-Oriented programming languages.

           Finally this Object-Oriented approach depends on objects,transactions, events, class, properties and programming languages. In fact-finding techniques, Document Review is to understand and collect actual forms for the current system. In Observation, by seeing the system in action gives better understanding for system procedures. By collecting the right data for a question is an important rule for questionnaire. Sampling depends on collecting records,samples. Research is about internet, IT magazines and sites which is not at all useful to Object-Oriented approach.

3.Which following Fact-Finding Techniques will use for finding what text books,journals, websites might be useful to search for articles for comparing the traditional and object-oriented approach to system development?

             In the following Fact-Finding techniques, only Research will be used. The other fact-finding techniques depends on understanding through seeing the system, questioning with the right data; collecting the records, data which is sampling. Document Review is operating and gaining copies for the current system. Through Internet, IT magazines and books will use for finding which text books, websites for comparing and contrasting the traditional and Object-Oriented approach; which all these comes under Research.

                     The Child Health Information System(CHIS) launched by World Health Organisation(WHO) and Health Department is good, but failed to execute the system.  The main aim of CHIS is to store the children detailed health data for supplying medicine depending on increase in population.  The CHIS failed to maintain children information, which type of vaccination is given to the children and health condition of the children at that time.  Due to the lack of information, the system cannot produce sufficient vaccine to the children.  Because of this system, children are suffering from Hepatitus B, Measles etc.  Not only this, the system also failed in recording the weights of the children and no particular record maintained of what disease might children have in the past.  Therefore, severity levels ara not estimated properly and children are being sufferers to common diseases like diarrhoea, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthama etc.  This may leads to the cause of cancer, heart attack in earlier age.

2.What information do you need to find out about the CHIS to develop a detailed understanding of the current system?

                     The Child Health Information System(CHIS) must know the population of the current system and how many vaccines are needed to be estimated first.  They should have perfect planning while entering the records of children information, and the type of disease that the children is suffering from.  The system had to implement a new file for each and every child, consisting of what vaccination is taken by the child at particular time and date, when the next vaccination should the child have to take.  The CHIS must conduct awareness programs to the parents about the children vaccination and how to take care about the children.  Through advertising and publicity also CHIS can explain people about vaccination.  During the Vaccination and Medical visit, the system should estimate the severity levels of the children that what disease might child have had in the past or with what disease might child may suffer in future and they must give pre-medicine to the partcular disease.  Finally i think this leads to the detailed understanding of current system.